Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage including viable cells on the bottom in matsushima bay,northeastern japan     

ICHINOMIYA Mutsuo  TANIGUCHI Akira 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2):160-166

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage distributed in the water column and also settled on the bottom was investigated for the shallow coastal water in Matsushima Bay on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. A spring bloom of diatoms began in April when nutrient concentrations started to increase, indicating the importance of nutrients. Viable cells of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp., which were the dominant species in the water column throughout the year, were also always abundant in the bottom sediment. Both populations in the water column and on the bottom fluctuated essentially in parallel. For the planktonic diatoms in shallow coastal waters to maintain their vegetative populations in the water column, it would be advantageous for them to have a seeding population of viable cells on the bottom that are easily resuspended into the upper photic layer.  相似文献   

Study of the Interaction between Biological Cells of Different Shapes and Sizes and Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Natural Phenomena     

Diaz-Sandoval  Rosa  Mendoza  Blanca 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):143-156

We carry out a study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields produced innature and cells with no structure but with different shapes and sizes, considered asapproximations of those observed in the human body. Magnetic fields produced byvarious atmospheric and geomagnetic phenomena are compared with the fieldsgenerated by the cells themselves. Working with frequencies up to 10⁵ Hz, we found that in most cases lightning is the natural phenomena capable of producingfield intensities comparable to those generated by the cells. As a first approximationwe assume that a cell might be affected only if a field of intensity comparable to thecell's field is present. Oscillating fields of less intensity and their harmonics can involveresonant interactions with the cells, however this situation is not considered here. Under the approximation of our study we found that the size and the shape are parameters of paramount importance: lightning represents a natural hazard only for the largest cells, while the quadrangular cells are not affected by any of the natural phenomena considered here.  相似文献   

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model     

A. M. de S. Bueno  C. A. de B. Pereira  M. N. Rabello-Gay  J. M. Stern 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2002,16(4):267-278

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).  相似文献   

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON THE FORMING MECHANISMS OF LOW-LATITUDE CIRCULATION CELLS AND PRECIPITATION DURING AN EAST ASIAN COLD SURGE          下载免费PDF全文

Zhu Qiangen  Yu Bin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(4):419-430

The forming mechanisms of low-latitude circulation cells and precipitation during an East Asian cold surge have been studied by using a five-layer primitive equation model.Numerical experiments show that in mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the East Asian winter monsoon is nearly a dry process;in low-latitudes,the effects of cumulus convection intensify the northeast monsoon and northeast trade wind;however,they also prevent the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) from further southward invasion,and strengthen the meridional and zonal cells over East Asia. Numerical results also indicate that the winter monsoon precipitation in Indonesia and Northern Australia can exist independently.Both the South China Sea(SCS) cold surge and the West Pacific northeast cross-equatorial trade wind are of importance for the formation of the Northern Australia summer monsoon and its precipitation.Numerical results show that the development of cumulus convection,triggered by the SCS cold surge,is a crucial factor in forming the heavy monsoon precipitation and low-level stationary disturbances in Indonesia and Borneo.The tropical topography and northeast trade wind disturbances only affect the intensity of precipitation there.  相似文献   

大气三圈环流的动力系统模型          下载免费PDF全文

刘式达  付遵涛  刘式适 《地球物理学报》2014,57(6):1740-1745

定常情况下,本文利用球坐标系（λ,φ,r）的动力、热力学方程导出三维速度场（v_λ,v_φ,v_r）的动力系统.这种包括摩擦力和热传导的不可压缩大气运动的动力系统,无论从定性上还是从定量上都能描述由赤道和极地间的加热不均匀造成的三圈环流.定性上表明,在北半球经向速度v_φ和纬向速度v_λ同符号,地表刮北风（v_φ<0）和刮东风（v_λ<0）相对应,刮南风（v_φ>0）和刮西风（v_λ>0）相对应.在南半球,经向速度v_φ和纬向速度v_λ符号相反,刮北风（v_φ<0）和刮西风（v_λ>0）相对应,刮南风（v_φ>0）和刮东风（v_λ<0）相对应.定量分析表明球面上的压力场p可以用球调和函数p_l^m（sinφ）cosmλ来表达.当取l=6,m=0时即可导出三圈环流.在经圈剖面（φ,r）上,地表的φ₁=±56°和φ₂=±28°左右,以及赤道是速度场的奇点,它们都是鞍点,说明在副热带是下沉运动,在中纬度是上升运动,这正是三圈环流中的Ferrel环流的特征.这样经向速度v_φ和纬向速度v_λ相联系,经向速度v_φ又和垂直速度相联系,那么三圈环流的三维速度场就构成了一个整体.  相似文献   

Microscopic structures of Japanese lamprey peripheral blood cells and culture of lymphocyte-like cells in vitro     

《海洋科学》2012,36(1)

以日本七鳃鳗（Lampetrajaponica）为研究对象,观察其外周血细胞显微结构和探讨类淋巴细胞原代培养条件。采用Wright氏和Giemsa氏染色法对日本七鳃鳗外周血液有形成分进行显微观察,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞：未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。通过Ficoll密度梯度离心法和流式细胞仪分选获得高纯度的七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞。经条件优化后确定最适培养液L15＋20％FBS（5％七鳃鳗血清）＋0．46％NaCl,在18℃,pH6．8～7．0的条件下对日本七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞进行体外培养,大多数类淋巴细胞半贴壁生长,细胞状态较好,最长可以存活近一个月。类淋巴细胞的原代培养为日本七鳃鳗细胞体外培养的深入研究提供了实验依据。  相似文献   

金枪鱼(Thunnus sp.)胰腺酶解液对H2O2诱导的胰岛素瘤细胞(INS-1)氧化损伤的保护作用     

王小凤  申慧婷  孙小玲  于荣贤  刘兵  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(5):1146-1153

本文首先通过MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS技术,测定金枪鱼(Thunnus sp.)胰腺酶解液中的多肽组分及其丰度,确定GQPVR、GLPPK和EHER是其中的优势肽;再利用Discovery Studio平台中的反向找靶和分子对接模块,发现这些优势肽均可以与Keap1蛋白结合,推测其可能具有抗氧化活性;最后,利用细胞实验对酶解液的抗氧化活性进行验证,发现其对H2O2氧化损伤的胰岛素瘤细胞(INS-1)具有剂量依赖型保护效果,高剂量和低剂量酶解液处理后细胞活力较模型组显著提高,凋亡率从79.17%分别下降到43.2%(P0.01)和28.9%(P0.01);胰岛素的分泌量从3.65mIU/L分别增加到5.75mIU/L(P0.01)和4.95mIU/L(P0.01)。DiscoveryStudio的抗氧化功能预测和细胞学实验相结合的研究方法,为酶解液的功能组分鉴定提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

基于机载Ka波段云雷达和粒子测量系统同步观测的积层混合云对流泡特征     

张佃国  王烁  郭学良  王洪  樊明月 《大气科学》2020,44(5):1023-1038

利用机载Ka波段云雷达（Airborne Ka-Band Precipitation Cloud Radar, KPR）和粒子测量系统（Droplet Measurement Technologies, DMT）,分析了2018年4月22日黄淮气旋背景系统下积层混合云中对流泡的动力和微物理特征。首先,对Ka波段云雷达观测的山东地区春季36个对流泡样本按照回波强度、水平尺度、回波顶高三个参量进行统计,结果表明平均回波强度为20～30 dBZ的对流泡占69%。对流泡水平尺度为15～30 km,占61%。对流泡最大回波顶高集中在6～8 km,比周边层云高2～4 km。之后,对4月22日积层混合云中的对流泡个例微物理参数进行统计,结果表明对流泡内部以上升气流为主,最大上升气流速度达到1.35 m s?1,平均上升气流速度为0.22 m s?1;对流泡内过冷水含量比较高,最大含水量为0.34 g m?3,平均含水量为0.15 g m?3。对流泡内冰晶数浓度是泡外的5.5倍,平均直径是泡外的1.7倍。结合云粒子图像探头,发现对流泡前沿和尾部冰粒子以柱状和辐枝状为主,而对流泡核心区域冰粒子以聚合体形式存在。冰粒子通过凇附过程和碰并过程增长,过冷水含量不足时冰粒子的凇附增长形成柱状粒子,含量充足时可迅速凇附成霰粒子。对流泡内降水形成的微物理机制不完全相同,主要依赖过冷水含量。当云中有充足的过冷水分布时,高层冰晶通过凇附增长形成霰粒子,通过融化层后形成降水;当云中缺少过冷水时,降水的形成主要通过水汽凝华过程形成冰雪晶,然后雪晶通过聚合过程实现增长。  相似文献   

Upper-bound general circulation of coupled ocean–atmosphere: Part 1. Atmosphere     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2013

We consider the general atmospheric circulation within the deductive framework of our climate theory. The preceding three parts of this theory have reduced the troposphere to the tropical and polar air masses and determined their temperature and the surface latitude of their dividing boundary, which provide the prior thermal constraint for the present dynamical derivation. Drawing upon its similar material conservation as the thermal property, the (columnar) potential vorticity (PV) is assumed homogenized as well in air masses, which moreover has a zero tropical value owing to the hemispheric symmetry. Inverting this PV field produces an upper-bound zonal wind that resembles the prevailing wind, suggesting that the latter may be explained as the maximum macroscopic motion extractable by random eddies – within the confine of the thermal differentiation.With the polar front determined in conjunction with the zonal wind, the approximate leveling of the isobars at the surface and high aloft specifies the tropopause, which is colder and higher in the tropics than in the polar region. The zonal wind drives the meridional circulation via the Ekman dynamics, and the preeminence of the Hadley cell stems from the singular Ekman convergence at the equator that allows it to supply the upward mass flux in the ITCZ demanded by the global energy balance.  相似文献   

牙鲆中孵化腺细胞的发育研究(英文)     

史振平  樊廷俊 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(4)

在硬骨鱼类的孵化过程中,卵膜(壳)的裂解是由孵化腺细胞分泌的孵化酶完成的。为了探索鲆鲽类牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus胚胎在孵化过程中孵化腺细胞的分化及变化规律,本文利用高碘酸-雪夫染色反应(PAS)研究了P.olivaceus胚胎在孵化过程中孵化腺细胞的分化及变化规律。结果表明,典型的孵化腺细胞于孵化前15小时出现,位于胚胎的前中部。孵化腺细胞的数量和体积均在孵化前达到最大值,而且,均位于胚胎头部和背部表面。一旦孵化结束,孵化腺细胞的数量和体积均急剧下降,并于孵化后13小时消化。  相似文献